Primary Sources Only
Every factual statement on this site is drawn from a specific, identifiable public document. Categories of primary source used include:
- Federal securities filings — filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and retrieved directly from the SEC's EDGAR system.
- Federal and state court records — orders, judgments, and litigation releases retrieved directly from court dockets or from the issuing regulatory agency.
- State corporate filings — articles of organization, annual reports, and related filings retrieved directly from the relevant Secretary of State's business filing system.
- Regulatory licensing and disclosure records — including FINRA BrokerCheck and comparable licensing databases.
- Company-issued materials — press releases, shareholder letters, and archived versions of the company's own public website.
Verification Approach
Where possible, statements are cross-referenced against more than one independent public source before publication. When two public documents appear to conflict — for example, when a company's own statement differs from what a regulatory filing shows — both are presented side by side, with citations to each, so the reader can compare them directly.
Where a document's authenticity or current status can be independently verified through a public docket or registry, a note is included describing how to perform that verification.
Facts and Questions, Not Conclusions
This site does not draw legal conclusions. Every fact or question presented traces to a specific public document: either a fact cited directly to its source, or a question about whether facts from different sources are consistent with one another. Readers are invited to review the underlying documents themselves and reach their own conclusions.
If a cited document contains an error, responsibility for that error rests with the filer, not with a site that accurately reports what the document states.
Corrections & Updates
Public records are not static — filings are amended, cases are resolved, and companies issue new statements. When new information affecting a previously published item becomes available, the relevant page is updated and the update is dated.